Block #285,917

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 4:40:07 PM · Difficulty 9.9849 · 6,519,246 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1d3a96918eff4a36c287820081515543b4d0dc133326b18de3ea34d5b3a1e49d

Height

#285,917

Difficulty

9.984922

Transactions

11

Size

2.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc23d8

Nonce

100,172

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 4:40:07 PM

Confirmations

6,519,246

Merkle Root

1024c3c5932d84630fa87b86b952d60d4760297e548f45d6a3f0c29231a865c7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.666 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
86660777796974230954…55499820836301754559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.666 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
86660777796974230954…55499820836301754559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.666 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
86660777796974230954…55499820836301754561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.733 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17332155559394846190…10999641672603509119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.733 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17332155559394846190…10999641672603509121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.466 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34664311118789692381…21999283345207018239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.466 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34664311118789692381…21999283345207018241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.932 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
69328622237579384763…43998566690414036479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.932 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
69328622237579384763…43998566690414036481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.386 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13865724447515876952…87997133380828072959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,685,371 XPM·at block #6,805,162 · updates every 60s
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