Block #2,859,008

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/28/2018, 10:52:11 PM · Difficulty 11.6783 · 3,947,450 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
187316e752c1afc6ba970978e501cb577d6a5a8f777fca7645f5221ff8890a23

Height

#2,859,008

Difficulty

11.678347

Transactions

5

Size

3.95 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bada820

Nonce

1,599,390,842

Timestamp

9/28/2018, 10:52:11 PM

Confirmations

3,947,450

Merkle Root

3b2d9ae84b764ddf54dfbd692300e3eefef76e76f0163d4f4b4e078e516ce8b8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.467 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
64674645870530032319…35512152744620948481
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.467 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
64674645870530032319…35512152744620948481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.293 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12934929174106006463…71024305489241896961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.586 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25869858348212012927…42048610978483793921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.173 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51739716696424025855…84097221956967587841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.034 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10347943339284805171…68194443913935175681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.069 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20695886678569610342…36388887827870351361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.139 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41391773357139220684…72777775655740702721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.278 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82783546714278441369…45555551311481405441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.655 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16556709342855688273…91111102622962810881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.311 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33113418685711376547…82222205245925621761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
6.622 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66226837371422753095…64444410491851243521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
1.324 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13245367474284550619…28888820983702487041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,695,755 XPM·at block #6,806,457 · updates every 60s
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