Block #285,827

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 3:44:25 PM · Difficulty 9.9848 · 6,513,626 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
50246d28eb960d37803e4a7a790c6397b779e1030ff41c1a7e78a93fd9e9fb3d

Height

#285,827

Difficulty

9.984814

Transactions

12

Size

3.92 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc1ccb

Nonce

25,948

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 3:44:25 PM

Confirmations

6,513,626

Merkle Root

a4e894ceae4b083a5c282df7814a90b9aaf55348da762f543263c5b5d65637a9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.735 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17358581972345488327…59953236590862540799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.735 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17358581972345488327…59953236590862540799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.735 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17358581972345488327…59953236590862540801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.471 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34717163944690976655…19906473181725081599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.471 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34717163944690976655…19906473181725081601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.943 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
69434327889381953311…39812946363450163199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.943 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
69434327889381953311…39812946363450163201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.388 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13886865577876390662…79625892726900326399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.388 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13886865577876390662…79625892726900326401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.777 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27773731155752781324…59251785453800652799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.777 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27773731155752781324…59251785453800652801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,639,675 XPM·at block #6,799,452 · updates every 60s
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