Block #285,702

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 2:32:08 PM · Difficulty 9.9847 · 6,532,242 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c4edee34e0408836a6650379e19f3c203e0517fcb7fdeddcc8a988a1de7e35ee

Height

#285,702

Difficulty

9.984652

Transactions

6

Size

1.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc1226

Nonce

4,491

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 2:32:08 PM

Confirmations

6,532,242

Merkle Root

6632dd5df37ec1ef2d5be2780123c3472f3b4b924ff8de5890723c56db3803f3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.182 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31823097800064024291…22486559333317222399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.182 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31823097800064024291…22486559333317222399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.182 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31823097800064024291…22486559333317222401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.364 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63646195600128048583…44973118666634444799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.364 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63646195600128048583…44973118666634444801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12729239120025609716…89946237333268889599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12729239120025609716…89946237333268889601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.545 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25458478240051219433…79892474666537779199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.545 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25458478240051219433…79892474666537779201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.091 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50916956480102438866…59784949333075558399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.091 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50916956480102438866…59784949333075558401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,787,618 XPM·at block #6,817,943 · updates every 60s
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