Block #285,635

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 1:49:43 PM · Difficulty 9.9846 · 6,510,311 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
658c0a7c7a2dca6bfedb5f303a6f78a6262923f8c2ccd7ee9c9e673e93e549cc

Height

#285,635

Difficulty

9.984576

Transactions

15

Size

4.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc0d2d

Nonce

33,618

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 1:49:43 PM

Confirmations

6,510,311

Merkle Root

261451f6bf6fb2288c36408b3411b199442829f67f8754c380c8a15709900a70
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.857 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
58574947637176310070…77917167041537950079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.857 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
58574947637176310070…77917167041537950079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.857 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
58574947637176310070…77917167041537950081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.171 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
11714989527435262014…55834334083075900159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.171 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
11714989527435262014…55834334083075900161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.342 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
23429979054870524028…11668668166151800319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.342 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
23429979054870524028…11668668166151800321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.685 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
46859958109741048056…23337336332303600639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.685 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
46859958109741048056…23337336332303600641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.371 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
93719916219482096112…46674672664607201279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.371 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
93719916219482096112…46674672664607201281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,611,656 XPM·at block #6,795,945 · updates every 60s
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