Block #285,582

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 1:19:06 PM · Difficulty 9.9845 · 6,515,947 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e908241637f3c8ce57a8b773665d6e4da807ca377975fd5929552d35c5248786

Height

#285,582

Difficulty

9.984506

Transactions

8

Size

3.38 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc088f

Nonce

135,999

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 1:19:06 PM

Confirmations

6,515,947

Merkle Root

99aaf7cc24e29ccea88f0744c4fff37d11eccc56cb93f1a1e07a58c803adb55f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.092 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
60925526385961860689…48410198640379285469
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.092 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
60925526385961860689…48410198640379285469
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.092 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
60925526385961860689…48410198640379285471
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.218 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12185105277192372137…96820397280758570939
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.218 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12185105277192372137…96820397280758570941
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.437 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
24370210554384744275…93640794561517141879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.437 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
24370210554384744275…93640794561517141881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.874 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
48740421108769488551…87281589123034283759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.874 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
48740421108769488551…87281589123034283761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.748 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
97480842217538977103…74563178246068567519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.748 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
97480842217538977103…74563178246068567521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,656,309 XPM·at block #6,801,528 · updates every 60s
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