Block #285,140

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 9:36:51 AM · Difficulty 9.9838 · 6,507,266 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
66e298f76ddf1ac3099509f26084de6fd8ec2085ef886f2cb24342c58b7322b1

Height

#285,140

Difficulty

9.983798

Transactions

12

Size

2.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbda2d

Nonce

1,538

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 9:36:51 AM

Confirmations

6,507,266

Merkle Root

7194cd13588e1893a80df1a16b3786423d6a470c3626885b91ad5d1b582a7536
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.779 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
97791505820339337791…38786924435872668479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.779 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
97791505820339337791…38786924435872668479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.779 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
97791505820339337791…38786924435872668481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.955 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
19558301164067867558…77573848871745336959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.955 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
19558301164067867558…77573848871745336961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.911 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
39116602328135735116…55147697743490673919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.911 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
39116602328135735116…55147697743490673921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.823 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
78233204656271470233…10295395486981347839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.823 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
78233204656271470233…10295395486981347841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.564 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15646640931254294046…20590790973962695679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.564 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15646640931254294046…20590790973962695681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,583,209 XPM·at block #6,792,405 · updates every 60s
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