Block #2,850,733

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/22/2018, 2:15:47 PM · Difficulty 11.7296 · 3,982,853 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5e70e0b0ab181709eece6380e2942c1ca3fa5be605b317518b4a60d6de4e8670

Height

#2,850,733

Difficulty

11.729623

Transactions

12

Size

11.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bbac88e

Nonce

1,636,831,197

Timestamp

9/22/2018, 2:15:47 PM

Confirmations

3,982,853

Merkle Root

093cd887aa2e47941c42a37fadcbab09604331c072e13640ce173c3f9cba2dbb
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.355 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33550614514370979947…67597149355935475839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.355 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33550614514370979947…67597149355935475839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.355 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33550614514370979947…67597149355935475841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.710 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
67101229028741959895…35194298711870951679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.710 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
67101229028741959895…35194298711870951681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.342 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13420245805748391979…70388597423741903359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.342 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13420245805748391979…70388597423741903361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.684 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26840491611496783958…40777194847483806719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.684 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26840491611496783958…40777194847483806721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.368 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53680983222993567916…81554389694967613439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.368 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53680983222993567916…81554389694967613441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.073 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10736196644598713583…63108779389935226879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,912,894 XPM·at block #6,833,585 · updates every 60s
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