Block #285,003

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 8:21:46 AM · Difficulty 9.9836 · 6,522,594 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
64693d0df0e60c643e73e3d76481d3235147ebeac3fa9dacb705691876cc7272

Height

#285,003

Difficulty

9.983603

Transactions

11

Size

15.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbcd6c

Nonce

336,925

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 8:21:46 AM

Confirmations

6,522,594

Merkle Root

3f60bf0c88f09e0885a7c7a8584c0db69ef870c34c6ab63c6ac8d3e06d495503
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.988 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
39889843829442943648…19104978152054102279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.988 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
39889843829442943648…19104978152054102279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.988 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
39889843829442943648…19104978152054102281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.977 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
79779687658885887296…38209956304108204559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.977 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
79779687658885887296…38209956304108204561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.595 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15955937531777177459…76419912608216409119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.595 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15955937531777177459…76419912608216409121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.191 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31911875063554354918…52839825216432818239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.191 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31911875063554354918…52839825216432818241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.382 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
63823750127108709836…05679650432865636479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.382 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
63823750127108709836…05679650432865636481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,704,804 XPM·at block #6,807,596 · updates every 60s
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