Block #284,940

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 7:46:43 AM · Difficulty 9.9835 · 6,523,514 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
125dc90989ffd7fb6e8532656c580f45607bdd7011c67cb88d0a2696d3790c98

Height

#284,940

Difficulty

9.983505

Transactions

6

Size

3.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbc6f7

Nonce

10,745

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 7:46:43 AM

Confirmations

6,523,514

Merkle Root

99deea40848fa8380f5c3b6ed32237bda43e593145a717037bef3f5f3d4e2636
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.577 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15772202708739491349…22167474862538030079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.577 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15772202708739491349…22167474862538030079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.577 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15772202708739491349…22167474862538030081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.154 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
31544405417478982698…44334949725076060159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.154 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
31544405417478982698…44334949725076060161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.308 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
63088810834957965396…88669899450152120319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.308 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
63088810834957965396…88669899450152120321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.261 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
12617762166991593079…77339798900304240639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.261 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
12617762166991593079…77339798900304240641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.523 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
25235524333983186158…54679597800608481279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.523 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
25235524333983186158…54679597800608481281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,694 XPM·at block #6,808,453 · updates every 60s
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