Block #284,933

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 7:40:55 AM · Difficulty 9.9835 · 6,542,302 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
788f28ae82a08fea2d87d0a6018ffeea12c487f2959ac5ba7331fbebd2fdade3

Height

#284,933

Difficulty

9.983503

Transactions

12

Size

4.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbc6d8

Nonce

206,024

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 7:40:55 AM

Confirmations

6,542,302

Merkle Root

61876e9ee09d92c69d5f6844396ad02a1ddb2d7ec02eaf5efc8862db534cb687
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.413 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
64138025270546991467…72309901902378065939
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.413 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
64138025270546991467…72309901902378065939
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.413 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
64138025270546991467…72309901902378065941
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.282 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
12827605054109398293…44619803804756131879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.282 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
12827605054109398293…44619803804756131881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.565 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
25655210108218796587…89239607609512263759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.565 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
25655210108218796587…89239607609512263761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.131 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
51310420216437593174…78479215219024527519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.131 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
51310420216437593174…78479215219024527521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.026 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
10262084043287518634…56958430438049055039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,861,980 XPM·at block #6,827,234 · updates every 60s
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