Block #284,912

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 7:29:17 AM · Difficulty 9.9835 · 6,523,065 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
22279685d463497e964cf13265cac970a4b9e12db45e19e623e930f8b8278344

Height

#284,912

Difficulty

9.983480

Transactions

12

Size

11.58 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbc558

Nonce

23,424

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 7:29:17 AM

Confirmations

6,523,065

Merkle Root

8e5b651576a98fa86d3e6a7afd4eea944af73e02fe0897186d1693a4dd598eff
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.559 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
75590568840521158864…26099370536288615399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.559 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
75590568840521158864…26099370536288615399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.559 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
75590568840521158864…26099370536288615401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.511 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15118113768104231772…52198741072577230799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.511 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15118113768104231772…52198741072577230801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.023 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
30236227536208463545…04397482145154461599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.023 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
30236227536208463545…04397482145154461601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.047 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
60472455072416927091…08794964290308923199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.047 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
60472455072416927091…08794964290308923201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.209 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12094491014483385418…17589928580617846399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.209 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12094491014483385418…17589928580617846401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,707,861 XPM·at block #6,807,976 · updates every 60s
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