Block #284,863

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 7:05:27 AM · Difficulty 9.9834 · 6,523,041 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1774c7e85f08b0bc02f41227c50957b875ca24124ec6872111758ec35f6a0145

Height

#284,863

Difficulty

9.983385

Transactions

13

Size

7.34 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbbf19

Nonce

86,955

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 7:05:27 AM

Confirmations

6,523,041

Merkle Root

2f3ad236a7acd20e649ea3c6b1efd97079ec5a0d40140baecbcd4767fa25f53c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.578 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15781141124145949133…94293721213478973439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.578 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15781141124145949133…94293721213478973439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.578 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15781141124145949133…94293721213478973441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.156 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31562282248291898267…88587442426957946879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.156 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31562282248291898267…88587442426957946881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.312 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63124564496583796535…77174884853915893759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.312 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63124564496583796535…77174884853915893761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12624912899316759307…54349769707831787519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12624912899316759307…54349769707831787521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.524 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25249825798633518614…08699539415663575039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,707,265 XPM·at block #6,807,903 · updates every 60s
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