Block #284,804

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 6:33:39 AM · Difficulty 9.9833 · 6,522,068 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4d6cd4b5b30c260cf45e6ce9700d7876024e455e86ff13593dc640ca5eaee09a

Height

#284,804

Difficulty

9.983288

Transactions

11

Size

2.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fbb8cb

Nonce

962

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 6:33:39 AM

Confirmations

6,522,068

Merkle Root

f995ee7dd2254c1f287103f72f73451f2f03210fe3a6c8d9ccab45470e1468d2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.683 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
56839271989771094536…84555371401440057549
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.683 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
56839271989771094536…84555371401440057549
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.683 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
56839271989771094536…84555371401440057551
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.136 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
11367854397954218907…69110742802880115099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.136 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
11367854397954218907…69110742802880115101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.273 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
22735708795908437814…38221485605760230199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.273 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
22735708795908437814…38221485605760230201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.547 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
45471417591816875628…76442971211520460399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.547 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
45471417591816875628…76442971211520460401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.094 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
90942835183633751257…52885942423040920799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,699,083 XPM·at block #6,806,871 · updates every 60s
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