Block #284,618

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 4:47:59 AM · Difficulty 9.9830 · 6,510,434 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b3956a00365f8f1fb8b0c031823258063853f3978925e818ac50546041f9ed64

Height

#284,618

Difficulty

9.983018

Transactions

10

Size

6.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fba713

Nonce

29,630

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 4:47:59 AM

Confirmations

6,510,434

Merkle Root

af312e9e502a42a74002ce57a8bf4407f70de69fa3b33db3057fbfd014a167ad
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.493 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34931570386349853689…53061006198628259199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.493 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34931570386349853689…53061006198628259199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.493 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34931570386349853689…53061006198628259201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.986 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
69863140772699707379…06122012397256518399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.986 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
69863140772699707379…06122012397256518401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.397 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13972628154539941475…12244024794513036799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.397 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13972628154539941475…12244024794513036801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.794 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27945256309079882951…24488049589026073599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.794 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27945256309079882951…24488049589026073601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.589 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55890512618159765903…48976099178052147199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,604,456 XPM·at block #6,795,051 · updates every 60s
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