Block #2,846,129

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/19/2018, 9:14:56 AM · Difficulty 11.7303 · 3,993,242 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
19916e0a50b6d5f20137412c0786a5860cad4a10d945580f3503b2ed4f098a00

Height

#2,846,129

Difficulty

11.730308

Transactions

10

Size

4.20 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bbaf579

Nonce

581,739,331

Timestamp

9/19/2018, 9:14:56 AM

Confirmations

3,993,242

Merkle Root

0ca69a422b2102cf6b73eebeebff0a9d1c1f6fc29361521ef70829841a3d189d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.352 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23523058395753766086…94319373741079920639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.352 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23523058395753766086…94319373741079920639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.352 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23523058395753766086…94319373741079920641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.704 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47046116791507532173…88638747482159841279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.704 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47046116791507532173…88638747482159841281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.409 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
94092233583015064347…77277494964319682559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.409 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
94092233583015064347…77277494964319682561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.881 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18818446716603012869…54554989928639365119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.881 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18818446716603012869…54554989928639365121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.763 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37636893433206025738…09109979857278730239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.763 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37636893433206025738…09109979857278730241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.527 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
75273786866412051477…18219959714557460479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,959,250 XPM·at block #6,839,370 · updates every 60s
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