Block #284,584

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 4:30:52 AM · Difficulty 9.9830 · 6,508,189 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d01fd3c2bf3c03571add3321e11e4b2516ca994bb249c553257874b810b1124b

Height

#284,584

Difficulty

9.982957

Transactions

10

Size

3.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fba315

Nonce

114,095

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 4:30:52 AM

Confirmations

6,508,189

Merkle Root

d9552adbc41706fbc9180d8590ab75122164fdc55b3ba8588c539b59532dad31
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.194 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61948186879299582529…37934724187663898399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.194 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61948186879299582529…37934724187663898399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.194 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61948186879299582529…37934724187663898401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.238 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12389637375859916505…75869448375327796799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.238 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12389637375859916505…75869448375327796801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.477 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24779274751719833011…51738896750655593599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.477 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24779274751719833011…51738896750655593601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.955 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49558549503439666023…03477793501311187199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.955 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49558549503439666023…03477793501311187201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.911 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
99117099006879332047…06955587002622374399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.911 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
99117099006879332047…06955587002622374401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,586,164 XPM·at block #6,792,772 · updates every 60s
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