Block #284,351

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 2:29:03 AM · Difficulty 9.9826 · 6,522,991 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a737e87d11874def7e119fa68f3000fc4bf9767f599f38284cbe01872a06378d

Height

#284,351

Difficulty

9.982567

Transactions

6

Size

4.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fb898b

Nonce

9,365

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 2:29:03 AM

Confirmations

6,522,991

Merkle Root

341bc355df904676495c3cd9011ae5cfe1925fdcb4504a5ee20c50e3353fc3ea
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.831 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
88316816528096335839…39949802372844454399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.831 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
88316816528096335839…39949802372844454399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.831 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
88316816528096335839…39949802372844454401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.766 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17663363305619267167…79899604745688908799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.766 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17663363305619267167…79899604745688908801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.532 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35326726611238534335…59799209491377817599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.532 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35326726611238534335…59799209491377817601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.065 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
70653453222477068671…19598418982755635199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.065 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
70653453222477068671…19598418982755635201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.413 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14130690644495413734…39196837965511270399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.413 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14130690644495413734…39196837965511270401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,702,755 XPM·at block #6,807,341 · updates every 60s
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