Block #284,173

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 1:05:33 AM · Difficulty 9.9822 · 6,533,405 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
18b09fce53361c2b8e0c39213da04aadf8f1ca909e153eda6672111b81b8270e

Height

#284,173

Difficulty

9.982233

Transactions

6

Size

1.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fb739a

Nonce

48,667

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 1:05:33 AM

Confirmations

6,533,405

Merkle Root

92d9270680e5df55d9c2e9d8ef74015c3f487b2bf1a82221eab3c721e57d5e69
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.847 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
18470822250273893021…13021332735716207459
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.847 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
18470822250273893021…13021332735716207459
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.847 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
18470822250273893021…13021332735716207461
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.694 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
36941644500547786043…26042665471432414919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.694 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
36941644500547786043…26042665471432414921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.388 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
73883289001095572087…52085330942864829839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.388 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
73883289001095572087…52085330942864829841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.477 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14776657800219114417…04170661885729659679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.477 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14776657800219114417…04170661885729659681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.955 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
29553315600438228835…08341323771459319359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.955 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
29553315600438228835…08341323771459319361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,784,676 XPM·at block #6,817,577 · updates every 60s
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