Block #2,840,450

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/15/2018, 1:42:28 PM · Difficulty 11.7199 · 3,996,226 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
284eae7d1edc320f503cc5358e90fa69fee59c5c7895ca7405f59c0a65b32755

Height

#2,840,450

Difficulty

11.719928

Transactions

5

Size

4.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb84d39

Nonce

1,302,151,349

Timestamp

9/15/2018, 1:42:28 PM

Confirmations

3,996,226

Merkle Root

a6d121f778e7a5fea514119d45c71a3c71a4dc5ff171bedd79f81841d28a42ae
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.685 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66856083013518016070…83326590502127872001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.685 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66856083013518016070…83326590502127872001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.337 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13371216602703603214…66653181004255744001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.674 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26742433205407206428…33306362008511488001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.348 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53484866410814412856…66612724017022976001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.069 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10696973282162882571…33225448034045952001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.139 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21393946564325765142…66450896068091904001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.278 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42787893128651530285…32901792136183808001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.557 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85575786257303060570…65803584272367616001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.711 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17115157251460612114…31607168544735232001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.423 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34230314502921224228…63214337089470464001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
6.846 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
68460629005842448456…26428674178940928001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
1.369 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13692125801168489691…52857348357881856001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,937,688 XPM·at block #6,836,675 · updates every 60s
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