Block #2,836,947

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/13/2018, 4:08:19 AM · Difficulty 11.7171 · 4,005,870 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1cd812a69991391fac6e802d3fd9194f766683e4b8b6e9e354c01ec6bf7c6595

Height

#2,836,947

Difficulty

11.717061

Transactions

7

Size

1.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb79150

Nonce

593,177,760

Timestamp

9/13/2018, 4:08:19 AM

Confirmations

4,005,870

Merkle Root

6b22abe11aee4622819b78febb600c3814f3fa6ae694636dcaa7812ecefd268d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.135 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41359283666737034209…40577386699702927359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.135 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41359283666737034209…40577386699702927359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.135 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41359283666737034209…40577386699702927361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.271 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82718567333474068419…81154773399405854719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.271 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82718567333474068419…81154773399405854721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.654 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16543713466694813683…62309546798811709439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.654 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16543713466694813683…62309546798811709441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.308 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
33087426933389627367…24619093597623418879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.308 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
33087426933389627367…24619093597623418881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.617 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
66174853866779254735…49238187195246837759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.617 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
66174853866779254735…49238187195246837761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.323 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13234970773355850947…98476374390493675519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,986,877 XPM·at block #6,842,816 · updates every 60s
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