Block #2,835,037

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/11/2018, 8:40:26 PM · Difficulty 11.7158 · 4,009,002 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f42c2340ab36bc346e93fc8f5b34442a25a6a19e371eea30ff04a0c3b2b8e901

Height

#2,835,037

Difficulty

11.715845

Transactions

6

Size

8.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb741a1

Nonce

1,320,332,081

Timestamp

9/11/2018, 8:40:26 PM

Confirmations

4,009,002

Merkle Root

c711a778ac8256f967d214c134a01c864ce02706cfa48160872212052be7387a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17081718815290473755…48187568266025786879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17081718815290473755…48187568266025786879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17081718815290473755…48187568266025786881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.416 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34163437630580947510…96375136532051573759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.416 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34163437630580947510…96375136532051573761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.832 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68326875261161895021…92750273064103147519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.832 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68326875261161895021…92750273064103147521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13665375052232379004…85500546128206295039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13665375052232379004…85500546128206295041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.733 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27330750104464758008…71001092256412590079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.733 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27330750104464758008…71001092256412590081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.466 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54661500208929516017…42002184512825180159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,996,690 XPM·at block #6,844,038 · updates every 60s
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