Block #283,496

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2013, 6:17:54 PM · Difficulty 9.9812 · 6,534,437 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b1a8921e7842d9687f09edcf7223a15c6ac890b4cf813abc6ebe177d6eb95fd1

Height

#283,496

Difficulty

9.981234

Transactions

10

Size

3.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fb3225

Nonce

222

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 6:17:54 PM

Confirmations

6,534,437

Merkle Root

10bb97c2abff6adf35a0cd952d32b99ffa05e23d2210c4914d366498f915bdd4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.784 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27848407540007499146…87398089471866152959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27848407540007499146…87398089471866152959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27848407540007499146…87398089471866152961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.569 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55696815080014998292…74796178943732305919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.569 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55696815080014998292…74796178943732305921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11139363016002999658…49592357887464611839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11139363016002999658…49592357887464611841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.227 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22278726032005999317…99184715774929223679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.227 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22278726032005999317…99184715774929223681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.455 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44557452064011998634…98369431549858447359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,787,529 XPM·at block #6,817,932 · updates every 60s
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