Block #2,834,096

TWNLength 12★★★★☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/11/2018, 5:02:34 AM · Difficulty 11.7156 · 4,009,120 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
32f149d122ae40ce50cc484c4ad8c604fb888bfa4ccf243b731c8df4e2c9823a

Height

#2,834,096

Difficulty

11.715561

Transactions

32

Size

7.04 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb72f08

Nonce

1,722,193,479

Timestamp

9/11/2018, 5:02:34 AM

Confirmations

4,009,120

Merkle Root

f81c907a3278aec874d3418bd6d16074bd8663105165fcc103cd7f6fa855abf8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.431 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24319981729764278572…63759615057467474559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.431 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24319981729764278572…63759615057467474559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.431 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24319981729764278572…63759615057467474561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.863 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48639963459528557144…27519230114934949119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.863 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48639963459528557144…27519230114934949121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.727 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
97279926919057114288…55038460229869898239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.727 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
97279926919057114288…55038460229869898241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.945 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19455985383811422857…10076920459739796479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.945 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19455985383811422857…10076920459739796481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.891 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38911970767622845715…20153840919479592959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.891 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38911970767622845715…20153840919479592961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.782 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77823941535245691430…40307681838959185919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^5 × origin + 1
7.782 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77823941535245691430…40307681838959185921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^5 × origin + 1 − 2^5 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,990,101 XPM·at block #6,843,215 · updates every 60s
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