Block #283,329

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 4:57:14 PM · Difficulty 9.9809 · 6,520,256 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
23d48ef21c7fa7edf48a1827f05db6336feac0051c159f0855b69fae6a1b993d

Height

#283,329

Difficulty

9.980906

Transactions

8

Size

4.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fb1ca7

Nonce

87,660

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 4:57:14 PM

Confirmations

6,520,256

Merkle Root

4353de913baf10ffb8e3c512a543accbee89a17c64908a3ce155260f97a73d70
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.354 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53546455804713755109…95779473078408652801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.354 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53546455804713755109…95779473078408652801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.070 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10709291160942751021…91558946156817305601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.141 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21418582321885502043…83117892313634611201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.283 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42837164643771004087…66235784627269222401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.567 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
85674329287542008175…32471569254538444801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.713 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17134865857508401635…64943138509076889601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.426 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34269731715016803270…29886277018153779201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.853 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68539463430033606540…59772554036307558401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.370 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13707892686006721308…19545108072615116801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,672,716 XPM·at block #6,803,584 · updates every 60s
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