Block #283,242

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2013, 4:16:09 PM · Difficulty 9.9807 · 6,513,432 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6b867a38fc0dfc8e45856ea735cc6d8f2803eeda90eb49aef0a98c1e3a3433c4

Height

#283,242

Difficulty

9.980731

Transactions

6

Size

3.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fb112f

Nonce

1,096

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 4:16:09 PM

Confirmations

6,513,432

Merkle Root

2f9580be979558d5715c6d342ea41d50a8d9474ee9a7bbf6d42a20b41255f327
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.647 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
36478567852105618769…95664672165667875839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.647 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
36478567852105618769…95664672165667875839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.647 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
36478567852105618769…95664672165667875841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.295 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
72957135704211237539…91329344331335751679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.295 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
72957135704211237539…91329344331335751681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.459 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14591427140842247507…82658688662671503359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.459 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14591427140842247507…82658688662671503361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.918 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29182854281684495015…65317377325343006719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.918 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29182854281684495015…65317377325343006721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.836 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
58365708563368990031…30634754650686013439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.836 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
58365708563368990031…30634754650686013441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,617,397 XPM·at block #6,796,673 · updates every 60s
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