Block #283,137

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2013, 3:22:11 PM · Difficulty 9.9805 · 6,520,648 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9db04b09e2422158a5f15183e071c1cb0f3306d207fa6aefe6f84d116eea7d23

Height

#283,137

Difficulty

9.980532

Transactions

13

Size

7.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fb0427

Nonce

4,419

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 3:22:11 PM

Confirmations

6,520,648

Merkle Root

3363878cd49f60bf1f864263f6d916b37a69028cd382b1efc5a80c9dc125abc8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.595 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25951432977851903227…85426884549509012479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.595 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25951432977851903227…85426884549509012479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.595 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25951432977851903227…85426884549509012481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.190 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51902865955703806455…70853769099018024959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.190 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51902865955703806455…70853769099018024961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.038 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10380573191140761291…41707538198036049919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.038 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10380573191140761291…41707538198036049921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.076 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20761146382281522582…83415076396072099839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.076 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20761146382281522582…83415076396072099841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.152 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41522292764563045164…66830152792144199679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,674,320 XPM·at block #6,803,784 · updates every 60s
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