Block #282,920

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2013, 1:32:30 PM · Difficulty 9.9801 · 6,535,000 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5ebe98bba9d4af7057e3c7ff7c89519f77414f55f080678cdbafe21eccba62c8

Height

#282,920

Difficulty

9.980102

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fae7f6

Nonce

5,071

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 1:32:30 PM

Confirmations

6,535,000

Merkle Root

0baab8b9341790185565a86739dad3cd97e8fb916c695a2a695f83d09de7b6dd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.027 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10272601566884120548…46191228368859433599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.027 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10272601566884120548…46191228368859433599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.027 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10272601566884120548…46191228368859433601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.054 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20545203133768241096…92382456737718867199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.054 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20545203133768241096…92382456737718867201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.109 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41090406267536482192…84764913475437734399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.109 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41090406267536482192…84764913475437734401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.218 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82180812535072964385…69529826950875468799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.218 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82180812535072964385…69529826950875468801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.643 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16436162507014592877…39059653901750937599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,787,425 XPM·at block #6,817,919 · updates every 60s
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