Block #282,603

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2013, 10:56:33 AM · Difficulty 9.9794 · 6,531,697 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8508ab17c2e457ef837087bbfbf6a91edf364df75114f2d28a44adf9b7e5b018

Height

#282,603

Difficulty

9.979449

Transactions

7

Size

2.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fabd2f

Nonce

12,632

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 10:56:33 AM

Confirmations

6,531,697

Merkle Root

44137b66608ff7643884a56209e9aa49a3a90350935e61b50495848f4548bd7f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.541 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
65410868893776210200…32864667651226256159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.541 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
65410868893776210200…32864667651226256159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.541 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
65410868893776210200…32864667651226256161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.308 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13082173778755242040…65729335302452512319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.308 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13082173778755242040…65729335302452512321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.616 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26164347557510484080…31458670604905024639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.616 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26164347557510484080…31458670604905024641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.232 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
52328695115020968160…62917341209810049279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.232 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
52328695115020968160…62917341209810049281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.046 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10465739023004193632…25834682419620098559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.046 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10465739023004193632…25834682419620098561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,758,464 XPM·at block #6,814,299 · updates every 60s
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