Block #2,825,602

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/5/2018, 9:03:36 AM · Difficulty 11.7099 · 4,007,966 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
def7fc66dc3c25bb25de1dd8809d2f9f523c4da530952722fc4e6d14e617e91e

Height

#2,825,602

Difficulty

11.709934

Transactions

22

Size

6.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb5be3e

Nonce

269,231,026

Timestamp

9/5/2018, 9:03:36 AM

Confirmations

4,007,966

Merkle Root

c839fcc5ef0adf2e8ce2f74b6e06aaa58410a7bc447481e4dbea3c04420f2521
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.790 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
77904828612609681257…19057330323627863159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.790 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
77904828612609681257…19057330323627863159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.790 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
77904828612609681257…19057330323627863161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15580965722521936251…38114660647255726319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15580965722521936251…38114660647255726321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31161931445043872502…76229321294511452639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31161931445043872502…76229321294511452641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.232 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62323862890087745005…52458642589022905279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.232 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62323862890087745005…52458642589022905281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.246 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12464772578017549001…04917285178045810559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.246 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12464772578017549001…04917285178045810561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.492 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24929545156035098002…09834570356091621119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,912,746 XPM·at block #6,833,567 · updates every 60s
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