Block #2,824,914

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/4/2018, 9:44:13 PM · Difficulty 11.7093 · 4,017,078 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
30ad3bc41a2a595ab5d9c1bf4b7901a8602e06d43bc8f9a514270ce7f5cb0f33

Height

#2,824,914

Difficulty

11.709340

Transactions

9

Size

4.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb5974f

Nonce

112,568,061

Timestamp

9/4/2018, 9:44:13 PM

Confirmations

4,017,078

Merkle Root

1fa4f63a3f20b5b9823702a593e096fbfd68b88da66ba8b381ab73971552fc0e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.184 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11844834152883417864…66728332109841121279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11844834152883417864…66728332109841121279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11844834152883417864…66728332109841121281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.368 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23689668305766835729…33456664219682242559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.368 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23689668305766835729…33456664219682242561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.737 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
47379336611533671458…66913328439364485119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.737 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
47379336611533671458…66913328439364485121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.475 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
94758673223067342916…33826656878728970239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.475 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
94758673223067342916…33826656878728970241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.895 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
18951734644613468583…67653313757457940479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.895 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
18951734644613468583…67653313757457940481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.790 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
37903469289226937166…35306627514915880959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,323 XPM·at block #6,841,991 · updates every 60s
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