Block #2,824,004

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/4/2018, 7:07:27 AM · Difficulty 11.7075 · 4,020,732 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a00d3dc47c0af5a1934fd9beb5115caaf52af28d912d56418f503085d8cb79e0

Height

#2,824,004

Difficulty

11.707453

Transactions

36

Size

13.53 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb51ba6

Nonce

283,667,041

Timestamp

9/4/2018, 7:07:27 AM

Confirmations

4,020,732

Merkle Root

faf1ab0a9d566091a91ae7116375ab771b9822de9853d1c3e5ccad5bdf0179de
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.127 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51274764629772009108…35398145992838003839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.127 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51274764629772009108…35398145992838003839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.127 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51274764629772009108…35398145992838003841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.025 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10254952925954401821…70796291985676007679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.025 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10254952925954401821…70796291985676007681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.050 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20509905851908803643…41592583971352015359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.050 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20509905851908803643…41592583971352015361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.101 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41019811703817607286…83185167942704030719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.101 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41019811703817607286…83185167942704030721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.203 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
82039623407635214573…66370335885408061439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.203 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
82039623407635214573…66370335885408061441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.640 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16407924681527042914…32740671770816122879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,002,299 XPM·at block #6,844,735 · updates every 60s
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