Block #282,365

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2013, 8:57:48 AM · Difficulty 9.9789 · 6,544,043 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
aba3bb9841b2290f29cf7afebd173d8fff0ee420a5bde768b3bb0380b81f6d63

Height

#282,365

Difficulty

9.978948

Transactions

18

Size

5.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa9c54

Nonce

67,907

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 8:57:48 AM

Confirmations

6,544,043

Merkle Root

4fceb86ccfd1424d6aaac8bbab5094ff85dba11d2d95be2ba4c15f7244800fa9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.890 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
78903305092522388013…10254824464972043199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.890 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
78903305092522388013…10254824464972043199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.890 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
78903305092522388013…10254824464972043201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.578 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15780661018504477602…20509648929944086399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.578 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15780661018504477602…20509648929944086401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.156 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31561322037008955205…41019297859888172799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.156 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31561322037008955205…41019297859888172801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.312 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63122644074017910410…82038595719776345599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.312 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63122644074017910410…82038595719776345601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12624528814803582082…64077191439552691199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,855,396 XPM·at block #6,826,407 · updates every 60s
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