Block #2,822,904

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/3/2018, 1:51:43 PM · Difficulty 11.7036 · 4,008,724 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
28c9501412ff8a1f0a16ff8a06c5afec6e90232c49b2d97cda7740c16f17a475

Height

#2,822,904

Difficulty

11.703617

Transactions

8

Size

2.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb4203e

Nonce

155,699,113

Timestamp

9/3/2018, 1:51:43 PM

Confirmations

4,008,724

Merkle Root

f30cbd84f8a919a72035e70f6f31c9bd33b9efa6205de05bd78cc9baafef8bf5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.651 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26512876742990055941…06780552839012199679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.651 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26512876742990055941…06780552839012199679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.651 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26512876742990055941…06780552839012199681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.302 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53025753485980111883…13561105678024399359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.302 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53025753485980111883…13561105678024399361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.060 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10605150697196022376…27122211356048798719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.060 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10605150697196022376…27122211356048798721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.121 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21210301394392044753…54244422712097597439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.121 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21210301394392044753…54244422712097597441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.242 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42420602788784089506…08488845424195194879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.242 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42420602788784089506…08488845424195194881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.484 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
84841205577568179013…16977690848390389759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,897,126 XPM·at block #6,831,627 · updates every 60s
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