Block #281,719

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 3:18:22 AM · Difficulty 9.9776 · 6,527,840 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ae5a2aa3e05c397280caa10126736be3d46d18801324a8425f0972cd709b4214

Height

#281,719

Difficulty

9.977607

Transactions

2

Size

1.54 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa4474

Nonce

1,279

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 3:18:22 AM

Confirmations

6,527,840

Merkle Root

cefe3bc60b2c026bda9484959cee4a85fe51d12cd9557fa1d282ad72e0199191
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.000 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30001071899532870085…71468036892816905601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.000 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30001071899532870085…71468036892816905601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.000 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60002143799065740170…42936073785633811201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.200 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12000428759813148034…85872147571267622401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.400 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24000857519626296068…71744295142535244801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.800 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48001715039252592136…43488590285070489601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.600 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
96003430078505184272…86977180570140979201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.920 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19200686015701036854…73954361140281958401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.840 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
38401372031402073708…47908722280563916801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.680 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
76802744062804147417…95817444561127833601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,720,547 XPM·at block #6,809,558 · updates every 60s
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