Block #281,678

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 2:55:10 AM · Difficulty 9.9775 · 6,524,487 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
058a82c94152a5e1204e898cb9adc363ac6de7fd1194ecf5856e2761f1bec81d

Height

#281,678

Difficulty

9.977529

Transactions

15

Size

9.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa3f5b

Nonce

81,752

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 2:55:10 AM

Confirmations

6,524,487

Merkle Root

d96b3eb0fb71247e6fe19775fa04d44e27e9317d808a859017ff7b3faf599cd7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.795 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67959531562470192509…53229795243933308801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.795 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67959531562470192509…53229795243933308801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.359 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13591906312494038501…06459590487866617601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.718 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27183812624988077003…12919180975733235201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.436 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54367625249976154007…25838361951466470401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.087 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10873525049995230801…51676723902932940801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.174 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21747050099990461603…03353447805865881601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.349 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
43494100199980923206…06706895611731763201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.698 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
86988200399961846412…13413791223463526401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.739 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17397640079992369282…26827582446927052801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,693,402 XPM·at block #6,806,164 · updates every 60s
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