Block #281,660

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 2:46:38 AM · Difficulty 9.9775 · 6,509,342 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
28102b4d4e53e4b89eaadb22f1e74b037f91af40686f3429b5c086f400bbc2ce

Height

#281,660

Difficulty

9.977489

Transactions

10

Size

5.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa3cb1

Nonce

70,266

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 2:46:38 AM

Confirmations

6,509,342

Merkle Root

53fe9d6d93d19b8b13f0d3346bccc00b71b690e3b83b5ba4aa2e0ec400c998b4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.903 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29039634809201547912…33839028210796730401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.903 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29039634809201547912…33839028210796730401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.807 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58079269618403095825…67678056421593460801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.161 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11615853923680619165…35356112843186921601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.323 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23231707847361238330…70712225686373843201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.646 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46463415694722476660…41424451372747686401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.292 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
92926831389444953320…82848902745495372801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.858 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18585366277888990664…65697805490990745601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.717 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37170732555777981328…31395610981981491201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.434 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
74341465111555962656…62791221963962982401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,572,031 XPM·at block #6,791,001 · updates every 60s