Block #281,647

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 2:38:54 AM · Difficulty 9.9775 · 6,529,094 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e1bafe5fabef99240f9b21d5038ef298ad1d984493989dc686e377b93b41a920

Height

#281,647

Difficulty

9.977460

Transactions

4

Size

1.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa3ad5

Nonce

2,936

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 2:38:54 AM

Confirmations

6,529,094

Merkle Root

5ceeff243cb9d8574a0453aee840ec1c2bbae46e3c273434380b9bf87d186c71
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.335 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
23356003973494877165…63470054918895462681
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.335 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
23356003973494877165…63470054918895462681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.671 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
46712007946989754331…26940109837790925361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.342 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
93424015893979508662…53880219675581850721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.868 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18684803178795901732…07760439351163701441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.736 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37369606357591803464…15520878702327402881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.473 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74739212715183606929…31041757404654805761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.494 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14947842543036721385…62083514809309611521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.989 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29895685086073442771…24167029618619223041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.979 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
59791370172146885543…48334059237238446081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,730,020 XPM·at block #6,810,740 · updates every 60s
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