Block #281,646

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 2:38:27 AM · Difficulty 9.9775 · 6,528,016 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1818d7389457ad341715fa4251d21a74c3e8c4f93cd728e02acdc4487c2fbd08

Height

#281,646

Difficulty

9.977456

Transactions

1

Size

1.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa3a92

Nonce

75,907

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 2:38:27 AM

Confirmations

6,528,016

Merkle Root

3a81f4be790dd88d6b8f6337270f9350d6e9f8d2122adc8b018f0c38237e064c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.381 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13818468957026559081…18131003325759157721
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.381 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13818468957026559081…18131003325759157721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.763 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27636937914053118162…36262006651518315441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.527 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55273875828106236324…72524013303036630881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.105 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11054775165621247264…45048026606073261761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.210 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22109550331242494529…90096053212146523521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.421 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44219100662484989059…80192106424293047041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.843 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
88438201324969978119…60384212848586094081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.768 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17687640264993995623…20768425697172188161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.537 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35375280529987991247…41536851394344376321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
7.075 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70750561059975982495…83073702788688752641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,721,370 XPM·at block #6,809,661 · updates every 60s
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