Block #281,491

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/29/2013, 1:10:14 AM · Difficulty 9.9772 · 6,522,295 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e9cb93995f1014a755d825e8726869e3401860f58132fdd44a02d59c7a6f1fc9

Height

#281,491

Difficulty

9.977159

Transactions

8

Size

14.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa2718

Nonce

14,394

Timestamp

11/29/2013, 1:10:14 AM

Confirmations

6,522,295

Merkle Root

23b6ee8f40b417cd09f58002d3d655e64d537501a59f0b7a5223a31474b9a2de
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.707 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17071439219993806309…37228687940600217601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.707 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17071439219993806309…37228687940600217601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.414 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34142878439987612618…74457375881200435201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.828 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
68285756879975225236…48914751762400870401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.365 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13657151375995045047…97829503524801740801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.731 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27314302751990090094…95659007049603481601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.462 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
54628605503980180189…91318014099206963201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.092 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10925721100796036037…82636028198413926401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.185 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21851442201592072075…65272056396827852801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.370 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43702884403184144151…30544112793655705601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.740 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87405768806368288303…61088225587311411201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,674,329 XPM·at block #6,803,785 · updates every 60s
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