Block #2,813,768

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/28/2018, 12:24:13 PM · Difficulty 11.6785 · 4,017,223 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0ec0f10da9b874a03e7df8577066b1effc9175eb9f702d97fa312152027b764e

Height

#2,813,768

Difficulty

11.678513

Transactions

10

Size

3.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0badb309

Nonce

1,023,427,771

Timestamp

8/28/2018, 12:24:13 PM

Confirmations

4,017,223

Merkle Root

15cfb6fbd75d540333b422a6a37e7cd76d494c4c1f48a4dc43d8993e25a4885b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.206 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12066827838723800779…46543807144425356799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.206 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12066827838723800779…46543807144425356799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.206 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12066827838723800779…46543807144425356801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24133655677447601559…93087614288850713599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24133655677447601559…93087614288850713601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48267311354895203118…86175228577701427199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48267311354895203118…86175228577701427201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.653 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96534622709790406237…72350457155402854399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.653 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96534622709790406237…72350457155402854401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19306924541958081247…44700914310805708799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19306924541958081247…44700914310805708801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38613849083916162495…89401828621611417599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,892,068 XPM·at block #6,830,990 · updates every 60s
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