Block #2,812,204

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/27/2018, 12:40:37 PM · Difficulty 11.6691 · 4,025,244 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c10911296e530eaa37692073e578a030fdec7a256a161c757346db2a7aeb167e

Height

#2,812,204

Difficulty

11.669143

Transactions

15

Size

5.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bab4cf3

Nonce

758,888,889

Timestamp

8/27/2018, 12:40:37 PM

Confirmations

4,025,244

Merkle Root

18a71b07341a44c7e4c7b88a60f15f9e8e51203d8e9ec500ba5503f772cf0da5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.128 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21282104404327588574…82750655908993201921
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.128 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21282104404327588574…82750655908993201921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.256 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42564208808655177149…65501311817986403841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.512 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85128417617310354299…31002623635972807681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.702 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17025683523462070859…62005247271945615361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.405 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34051367046924141719…24010494543891230721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.810 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68102734093848283439…48020989087782461441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.362 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13620546818769656687…96041978175564922881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.724 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27241093637539313375…92083956351129845761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.448 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
54482187275078626751…84167912702259691521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.089 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10896437455015725350…68335825404519383041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
2.179 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21792874910031450700…36671650809038766081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
4.358 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43585749820062901401…73343301618077532161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,943,908 XPM·at block #6,837,447 · updates every 60s
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