Block #2,811,835

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/27/2018, 6:45:58 AM · Difficulty 11.6682 · 4,028,140 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c7a57723e8faee1ef208c0cd1723530994d3c502295f3aea49feb005da2af313

Height

#2,811,835

Difficulty

11.668194

Transactions

7

Size

2.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bab0ebb

Nonce

521,732,297

Timestamp

8/27/2018, 6:45:58 AM

Confirmations

4,028,140

Merkle Root

940a35821fe2fc49359f993e84562cc4eb5f810cfde921bd26d729dd343913c3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.220 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12208990220325760474…78456091912040243199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.220 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12208990220325760474…78456091912040243199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.220 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12208990220325760474…78456091912040243201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.441 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24417980440651520949…56912183824080486399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.441 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24417980440651520949…56912183824080486401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.883 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48835960881303041899…13824367648160972799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.883 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48835960881303041899…13824367648160972801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.767 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
97671921762606083798…27648735296321945599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.767 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
97671921762606083798…27648735296321945601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.953 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19534384352521216759…55297470592643891199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.953 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19534384352521216759…55297470592643891201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.906 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39068768705042433519…10594941185287782399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,964,106 XPM·at block #6,839,974 · updates every 60s
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