Block #281,181

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/28/2013, 10:37:23 PM · Difficulty 9.9764 · 6,528,450 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
2219a007fc94f8d474642b803ee34e68d75a6e2272c3bd7d6ff45747ac17dda2

Height

#281,181

Difficulty

9.976420

Transactions

3

Size

1.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9f6b0

Nonce

6,878

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 10:37:23 PM

Confirmations

6,528,450

Merkle Root

ea24d0bb34009616c48249a7e1a2ac5fda63961a90f618f638b252d5ed795bfa
Transactions (3)
1 in → 1 out10.0600 XPM109 B
7 in → 1 out50.2000 XPM1.05 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.312 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23126741828906448108…37404208684363571201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.312 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23126741828906448108…37404208684363571201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.625 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46253483657812896217…74808417368727142401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.250 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
92506967315625792434…49616834737454284801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.850 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18501393463125158486…99233669474908569601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.700 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37002786926250316973…98467338949817139201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.400 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
74005573852500633947…96934677899634278401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14801114770500126789…93869355799268556801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.960 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29602229541000253579…87738711598537113601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.920 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59204459082000507158…75477423197074227201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,721,126 XPM·at block #6,809,630 · updates every 60s
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