Block #2,811,562

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/27/2018, 2:15:02 AM · Difficulty 11.6680 · 4,031,537 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
827f555dd46f6df064451dab0ebc234b04e2e0cfd2ca06ee444ac3c50dab6075

Height

#2,811,562

Difficulty

11.668010

Transactions

6

Size

2.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bab02b1

Nonce

679,745,749

Timestamp

8/27/2018, 2:15:02 AM

Confirmations

4,031,537

Merkle Root

41d8199f8a08db5094127157b6bf01f1c4a9fdf9c0b373383ca7eedffddc56c9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.369 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43692886641257299686…04149717490784707839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.369 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43692886641257299686…04149717490784707839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.369 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43692886641257299686…04149717490784707841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.738 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87385773282514599372…08299434981569415679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.738 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87385773282514599372…08299434981569415681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.747 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17477154656502919874…16598869963138831359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.747 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17477154656502919874…16598869963138831361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.495 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34954309313005839749…33197739926277662719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.495 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34954309313005839749…33197739926277662721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.990 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69908618626011679498…66395479852555325439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.990 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69908618626011679498…66395479852555325441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.398 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13981723725202335899…32790959705110650879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,989,155 XPM·at block #6,843,098 · updates every 60s
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