Block #281,099

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/28/2013, 9:58:08 PM · Difficulty 9.9762 · 6,517,835 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
30df37519a835a06833367ef06edc8dee5d68d2b50431d7c51566bab131fb73d

Height

#281,099

Difficulty

9.976219

Transactions

13

Size

3.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9e97a

Nonce

11,740

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 9:58:08 PM

Confirmations

6,517,835

Merkle Root

2ef2bda193204e2b92acd8fbb8d0fc4fa755e4d0dc3a37c18cc09b4624e86e29
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.922 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19220266711298542232…54311636699149500161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.922 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19220266711298542232…54311636699149500161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.844 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
38440533422597084464…08623273398299000321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.688 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
76881066845194168929…17246546796598000641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.537 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
15376213369038833785…34493093593196001281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.075 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
30752426738077667571…68986187186392002561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.150 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
61504853476155335143…37972374372784005121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.230 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
12300970695231067028…75944748745568010241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.460 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
24601941390462134057…51889497491136020481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.920 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
49203882780924268114…03778994982272040961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.840 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
98407765561848536229…07557989964544081921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,635,507 XPM·at block #6,798,933 · updates every 60s
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