Block #281,091

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/28/2013, 9:55:13 PM · Difficulty 9.9762 · 6,513,455 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8e4e0bcaf152530546c7d6105ff8ec70ce0bd4499f21c67b5640a1ba49272108

Height

#281,091

Difficulty

9.976191

Transactions

10

Size

5.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9e7a6

Nonce

1,841

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 9:55:13 PM

Confirmations

6,513,455

Merkle Root

9d05a4f2bd5aad5b72f3df82295c0a684b2d5ca38c2d091476e8abfc4b72c3a9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.095 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40959709916699819337…18036849232727368961
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.095 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40959709916699819337…18036849232727368961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.191 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81919419833399638674…36073698465454737921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.638 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16383883966679927734…72147396930909475841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.276 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32767767933359855469…44294793861818951681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.553 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65535535866719710939…88589587723637903361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.310 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13107107173343942187…77179175447275806721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.621 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26214214346687884375…54358350894551613441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.242 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52428428693375768751…08716701789103226881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.048 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10485685738675153750…17433403578206453761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.097 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20971371477350307500…34866807156412907521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,600,408 XPM·at block #6,794,545 · updates every 60s
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