Block #281,085

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/28/2013, 9:51:41 PM · Difficulty 9.9762 · 6,511,143 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
54672192add4d5a6656ea5dc3809c85bbcfe0dedd2656e09c17991131a624304

Height

#281,085

Difficulty

9.976184

Transactions

6

Size

21.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9e72c

Nonce

33,328

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 9:51:41 PM

Confirmations

6,511,143

Merkle Root

d84a5e29a1561da97f34aaf3e1b3a1d937a2d8ec8c724c373eec9f1c80c88a72
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.225 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22258503329956025881…93446969066659108811
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.225 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22258503329956025881…93446969066659108811
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.451 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
44517006659912051763…86893938133318217621
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.903 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
89034013319824103526…73787876266636435241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.780 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17806802663964820705…47575752533272870481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.561 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35613605327929641410…95151505066545740961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.122 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71227210655859282821…90303010133091481921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.424 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14245442131171856564…80606020266182963841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.849 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28490884262343713128…61212040532365927681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.698 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56981768524687426257…22424081064731855361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.139 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11396353704937485251…44848162129463710721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,581,780 XPM·at block #6,792,227 · updates every 60s
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