Block #280,905

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/28/2013, 8:27:31 PM · Difficulty 9.9757 · 6,536,308 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
624860bc6f6f9dda9e8ae6ae6adcc3eeda35b44cf67ca3812d63c5c64e7f8b33

Height

#280,905

Difficulty

9.975714

Transactions

8

Size

4.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9c861

Nonce

61,907

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 8:27:31 PM

Confirmations

6,536,308

Merkle Root

db47a542edee6c8b0074d5c0ba5df2f27bb619a2b8290cf33f45174d2299a5da
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.576 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
55764726464449531846…04941183921594997699
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.576 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
55764726464449531846…04941183921594997699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.576 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
55764726464449531846…04941183921594997701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.115 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11152945292889906369…09882367843189995399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.115 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11152945292889906369…09882367843189995401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.230 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
22305890585779812738…19764735686379990799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.230 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
22305890585779812738…19764735686379990801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.461 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
44611781171559625477…39529471372759981599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.461 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
44611781171559625477…39529471372759981601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.922 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
89223562343119250954…79058942745519963199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.922 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
89223562343119250954…79058942745519963201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,781,743 XPM·at block #6,817,212 · updates every 60s
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