Block #2,806,028

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/23/2018, 5:18:37 AM · Difficulty 11.6706 · 4,035,104 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b2fe2a79dbc0fe3c314035d7c05ee8925aab00c23df23511399fb57d5a3a6e5e

Height

#2,806,028

Difficulty

11.670635

Transactions

11

Size

3.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0babaec0

Nonce

2,104,762,927

Timestamp

8/23/2018, 5:18:37 AM

Confirmations

4,035,104

Merkle Root

29a2ab348f845a93d33efd351227718bf19fa2a0a3aed137faf1313cb71c88e5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.329 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13299823096470008428…98172191939416145919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.329 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13299823096470008428…98172191939416145919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.329 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13299823096470008428…98172191939416145921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.659 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26599646192940016857…96344383878832291839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.659 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26599646192940016857…96344383878832291841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.319 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53199292385880033714…92688767757664583679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.319 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53199292385880033714…92688767757664583681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.063 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10639858477176006742…85377535515329167359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.063 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10639858477176006742…85377535515329167361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.127 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21279716954352013485…70755071030658334719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.127 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21279716954352013485…70755071030658334721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.255 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42559433908704026971…41510142061316669439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,973,425 XPM·at block #6,841,131 · updates every 60s
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